Economic Work per Unit of Energy
- Has mandated the 25 mpg efficiency of the Model-T for a century.
- Has replaced 45% of 400+ ton-mpg railroads with 25 mpg roads (from 254,251 to 139,679)
- Has blocked innovations such as the Morgantown PRT for half a century. Details in Congressional Study PB-244854, Automated Guideway Transit.
- Is unconstitutional
- The Boston Tea Party was a demonstration against the general government’s transportation monopoly that triggered a war.
- On Sept 14, 1787, Dr. Franklin proposed the Federal government be enumerated a power to tax to build “highways and canals.” After George Mason reminded delegates of monopoly, they voted 8 state to 3 to forbid Federal taxing for “internal improvements” beyond “post Roads” with “No Preference” in the facilities of commerce of one state over another. This was summarized for those who ratified the Constitution in Federalist #45.
- There are 21 President veto messages enforcing the Constitution against Congressional violation of the “post Roads” and “No Preference” clauses.
- 10 of the last 10 Presidents issued unanswered calls to action to end foreign oil addiction and American soldiers have been trading blood to buy time for agencies to answer those calls in oil-wars since 1991.
- Kills bike riders and pedestrians at 4 times the rate of road polices in Europe.
| year | Miles | Change | % replaced by roads |
| 1916 | 254,000 | — | — |
| 1940 | 242,660 | 12,005 | 4.7% |
| 1950 | 224,088 | 30,577 | 12% |
| 1970 | 203,000 | 51,665 | 20.3% |
| 1980-current | 140,000 | 114,665 | 45% |
We need a better know-what.
- 2008: Govern By Performance Standards
- 5X5 Standard of the Solar Mobility Act/Ordinanance/Agreement
- Privately funded networks 5 times more efficient than road
- Pay 5% of gross transportation revenues for non-exclusive used of the airspace over roads.
- Macon, GA in 2022: It’s a bird, it’s a plane, it’s a new way to travel in Macon
- Seeking Alpha, Invest in PRT
- Praetor Capital 2021 estimate of PRT capital value of $31-58 billion.
- Transportation is the catalyst for changing energy systems.
- DFW
JPods uses solar to power our networks.
The average American uses 88 megawatt-hours per year, the average German uses 47. Americans can cut our energy use in half and still have an advance economy. Cutting our energy use in half by 2019 is the path to solving the Civilization Killers currently facing America.
70% of car miles in the US are driven in cities.
Driving a car costs about 59.2 cents per mile. JPods vehicles operate a 4 cents per vehicle-mile. Energy and costs are highly correlated. The chart below compares energy per passenger-mile for various modes of transportation.
Calculations of fuel efficiencies.
FTE is Freight Train Equivalent. The 140,000 miles of freight railroads in the US average 470 ton-miles per gallon of diesel. This is over 140 times the efficiency of moving a ton to move a person in a car on highways. In contrast to the efficiency of rails networks, the government highway monopoly retains the efficiency of the Model-T.
The average gas mileage of all cars and trucks sold in the U.S. in January was 25.4 miles per gallon. While that was up from 25.1 mpg in December, it was down from August’s all-time high of 25.8 mpg. As gas prices have slid, more people have been buying larger, more fuel-thirsty vehicles.
Electric cars actually create more pollution in their life-cycle than diesel cars. Highways networks require people to spend $8,876 per year per car for something that is parked 95% of the time.
Walking a mile requires about 100 calories or 116 watt-hours, bikes are 10-20 watt-hour/mile. DOE Transportation Energy Data Book
| Mode | Passengers-vehicle | BTU’s | passenger-mile | passenger-km | FTE |
| Watt-hours | Watt-hours | ||||
| Freight Railroads | 22 | 6 | 4 | 1 | |
| JPods | 1.57 | 260 | 76 | 47 | 13 |
| Performance Standard | 1.57 | 954 | 280 | 174 | 47 |
| Van pool | 6.1 | 1322 | 389 | 242 | 65 |
| Motorcycles | 1.2 | 1855 | 545 | 339 | 91 |
| Rail, Amtrak | 20.5 | 2650 | 779 | 484 | 130 |
| Rail, Transit (light & heavy) | 22.5 | 2784 | 818 | 508 | 136 |
| Rail, Commuter | 31.3 | 2996 | 881 | 548 | 147 |
| Air, domestic | 96.2 | 3261 | 959 | 596 | 160 |
| Cars | 1.57 | 3512 | 1032 | 641 | 172 |
| Personal trucks | 1.72 | 3944 | 1159 | 720 | 193 |
| Bus, Transit | 8.8 | 4235 | 1245 | 774 | 208 |
| Taxi, demand response | 1 | 14301 | 4204 | 2613 | 701 |
Source on cost per passenger-mile. Cars are $0.592 per vehicle-mile according to AAA is adjusted by the 1.57 passengers/car reported by DOE. The 1.57 Load is also applied to JPods costs of $0.04 per vehicle-mile.
Example Ton-mile per gallon calculations (link):
The 2015 CSX system-wide train efficiency metric equals:
229,562,353,000 ton-miles / 487,540,790 gallons = 471 ton-miles per gallon.
In other words CSX trains, on average, can move a ton of freight nearly 500 miles on a gallon of fuel, based on our 2015 revenue ton miles and 2015 fuel use.
The fuel efficiency for a freight truck can be estimated in a similar way. For example, a heavy-duty diesel truck that hauls 19 tons of freight a distance of 500 miles would consume approximately 71 gallons of diesel fuel. The efficiency of this freight haul would be calculated as:
(19 tons x 500 miles) / 71 gallons = 134 ton-miles per gallon.
My calculations:
- Platform Trucks get 7.8 mpg
- Tractor-trailers get 5.3 mpg, 80,000 GVWT with a typical road weight of 59,500. Vehicle weight is about 35,000 pounds, or payload of 25,500 pounds or 12.75 tons, or (12.75*5.3) = 67.6 ton-miles per gallon.
This efficiency might be stated as “a truck can move a ton of freight 134 miles on a gallon of fuel.”
Similarly, a typical train might haul 3000 tons of freight 500 miles and consume approximately 3185 gallons of diesel fuel. The efficiency of this freight haul would be calculated as:
(3000 tons x 500 miles) / (3185 gallons) = 471 ton-miles per gallon.
This efficiency might be stated as “a train can move a ton of freight 471 miles on a gallon of fuel.”
In this example, the train is approximately 3.5 times more efficient at hauling freight.
Additional information about fuel efficiency for various modes can be found on Mother Nature Network.
Number of trips:
Half of all trips are three miles or less, but fewer than 2 percent of those trips are made by bicycle, while 72 percent of them are driven. Private vehicles like cars, pick-up trucks, and SUVs, account for 60 percent of trips of a mile or less. Think about that next time you hear people wondering why we have such big problems with the environment, health and childhood obesity, and traffic congestion.